Granulation
Granulation is a goldsmithing technique in which small metal spheres are attached to a metal surface to form patterns or defined areas of decoration. The spheres are called granules. Gold jewellery is one application. Viewed closely, individual beads may remain clearly distinct even where they sit tightly together.
Recognition and lookalikes
Use magnification to examine the shape of the beads, the arrangement of the pattern and the points where the beads meet the support. Beaded decoration can also be cast as one piece with an object. Appearance alone therefore does not establish that the spheres were made and attached individually. Granulation means bead decoration, not every rough or grainy metal finish.
Assessing older jewellery
Check for missing beads, interruptions in the pattern and conspicuous repairs. Request close-up photographs before buying. Do not use the technique alone to determine age, gold content or geographical origin. Historical and contemporary goldsmiths have both used granulation. Workshop records, marks and documented provenance need separate assessment. Avoid trying to pick dirt out between the beads with a needle or another sharp implement.
Sources
MAKK: The allure of granulation; GIA: Gold Granulation by Zaffiro.
