Etching
Etching is an intaglio printmaking process in which an image is chemically bitten into a metal plate. The word also describes the finished impression on paper. Ink comes from the recessed areas, unlike the raised printing surface of a woodcut.
From plate to paper
The plate is covered with an acid-resistant ground. The artist draws through the ground with a needle, exposing metal along the lines. A mordant bites the exposed areas. After removing the ground, ink is worked into the recesses and the surface is wiped clean. Pressure transfers the ink to damp paper.
Etching, drypoint and plate marks
Drypoint scratches directly into the metal. Etching may be combined with other printmaking processes, so one sheet need not use a single technique. The edge of the plate can leave an indentation around the image. This plate mark indicates pressure printing but does not, by itself, distinguish etching from other intaglio processes.
Buying and care
Consider technique descriptions, signatures and documentation together. Record edition markings accurately; numbering alone cannot establish authenticity. Examine margins, tears, stains and fading, including areas outside the image where accessible. Protect the sheet from strong light and damp. Have old adhesive and tape assessed by a paper conservator rather than removing them at home.
